Wednesday 21 September 2016

Pirates of the Silicon Valley

 
1 1. The factor that contributed to the successes and failure of Steve Jobs. The first that affects or contributed to his success and failures is that his thick faced or “baga ug nawong” attitude. For me, it is because since him and Steve Wozniak need a copy of an Altair Machine, they need to present a presentation in which the result would be that they were given a copy or a machine of the Altair they needed and for me, in that scene, what rose in my mind or what gave me the attention was the thick faced attitude of Steve Jobs where he had a huge confidence in presenting the machine or the software they need to present to get the specific item that him and Steve Wozniak wants. Another trait that contributed to his successes was thinking out of the box in any ways. Example was when Steve Wozniak said when he was assembling something he said that what he can see is the kilobytes, or circuit boards while what he see is the karma or the meaning of the universe. For me, it is like thinking outside the box because what he was seeing through it all is an opportunity to be a successful entrepreneur. He also thinks differently than all of us because that is what Steve Wozniak said when he was interviewed and he told the media the days were he and Steve Jobs were still in University of California Berkeley Campus. During the student anti-war movements, teenagers Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were shown caught on the campus riot between the students and the police. They flee after finding safety and Steve Jobs said that “Those guys think they are revolutionaries. They are not revolutionaries. We are.” What I think Steve Jobs meant here is that they are the ones doing the real revolution not against the rights of others or anything but against the machines. What I meant is that they are revolutionizing for the machines. After that, also, what I think that helps or contributes to his success or failures was in being a practical and sometimes a critical thinker when it comes to technology. He knew when to hide it, he knew when to show it, he knew when to hide it again and he knew when to show it again. I guess this what you call a strategic minded person in which he or she knows many ways to come up to a successful attempt to finish what he started. Another personality that contributed to his success or failure was the way his mindset has. Remember the scene in the movie in which he got mad at Steve Wozniak for accepting the interview for they call the “first computer” to a company in which they are willing to buy that stuff? He said that he aims for a company and not working for a company. For me, that is the real mindset of a technopreneur, being the employer and not the employee, because if you are the employee, you would highly depend and being ordered around by the employer that employed you while, if you are an employer, you can do almost anything, risk anything and anything you want to do unless you are keeping the company safe and still profit from all that you have done. Another thing that contributed to the successes and failures of Steve Jobs is the madness that he has or the uncontrollable anger in which he has in himself. Before he presented the “first computer” to a computer club somewhere in the United States of America, he had first his anger management test because he was mad at his mother for leaving him when he was too young. I can say that personal emotions and feelings must never interfere on your way to being a successful person in the future because once it hinders, it will never ever separate anymore. Another thing or contribute to his success and failure was that all this time all he thinks his opponent in the machine revolution is the IBM or the International Business Machines, the largest computer company in the world since 1911, and he never see Microsoft, a small company at the time, as a threat at all. That was one of his biggest mistakes ever made in his life where he overestimated the IBM, and he over underestimated small companies like Microsoft and many more. What also contributed in his success was the way he presented or the way he reaches his goal. For me, the way he reached his goal was kind of a dirty and in an immoral way in which he lied, stole, and many bad things he did more than what we count. For me, it is never okay to reach a goal in the way Steve Jobs did, he lied, stole, and did many things more just to reach his goal of that. Another thing or something that contributed to his success or failure was the way he treated his employees. From the first part, he treated all of his employees, when they were still only four, with proper respect, etiquette, and many more. After a while, when his company went large, rich and more successful, the way he treated his employees became more of a master and slave type. Where, he is the master and scolds them whenever they do something wrong, and he almost always says that he pays them to create a program and never to rest because he thinks that working for ninety hours a week would make them more productive, promising and would make the Apple company more successful than it ever was but in reality, they never ever learned from him. He always pressures them whenever he yells at them and there was one specific employee in which sleep is never allowed and that is such an abusive act when it comes to the employees. For me, he was an abusive kind of person who only uses human s and throws the away whenever he does not need them for his goals and hat is also what failed him. Another thing is that he trusts too much in his friends. That is also the personality of his that contributed to the successes and failures of Steve Jobs. It is because he promoted John Sculley to a Chief Executive Officer, and because of this he treated all other human or employees or under him as a working machine. Letting them work for like what I said 90 hours a week, and he did not let them allow to rest and that is kind of a worker abuse but they still continue to work for him. After John Sculley was promoted, it is like he was carefree in everything he does believing that in everything he do, he always can beat the International Business Machine company in which that time was considered as the final boss of every company that wants to be successful. After trusting Joh Sculley too much, he believed that he will be an untouched person since he is the one who developed his own company and he believes he has the immunity in which he will not be rusticated from the workplace he created. He also had too much trust on Steve Wozniak that he believes that he will never ever go away from his side since Steve Wozniak was with Steve Jobs since the beginning in which Steve Jobs is the brains while Steve Wozniak was the work. He relied too much that Steve Wozniak would never ever leave his side but in the end, because of his bad attitude towards other employees, Steve Wozniak left the Apple Company even though he and Steve Jobs were one of the first people who founded and created Apple companies. And I think that was one of the attributes he has that contributed to the failure of Steve Jobs. I knew trusting too much is not good because you will never ever know what will happen next or you will never ever expect what will happen in the future so never ever trust too much. Another thing that contributed to Steve Jobs success and failure is the one in which he “stole” the mouse and the user interface code or the system in which the company Xerox rejected. Since the Xerox company rejected that concept, Steve Jobs took the advantage in which he “stole” the idea or the mouse and the user interface in which in their time was kind of like a diamond in a bronze mine. Because of this, they developed the Apple Lisa which is named after Steve Jobs’ first daughter, and from there, he developed the mouse and the user interface. Another attribute that contribute in his failure and success was when he let his company divide into two “entities.” One is team Macintosh in which includes the developers for the Macintosh versus the rest of Apple. He thinks that it would make his company become more successful but in the end, the Windows still became more popular and more successful than Apple because of this.
2. I see myself as an entrepreneur as a more safe player type. What I mean by that is that I do not take too much risk but I know that is bad for the company I am company I am working on which is my company but as for now, I see myself as a safe player when it comes to becoming an entrepreneur. I also see myself as to be a type that which takes care and kind of dependent on my employees because as of now, I, Rhobert Vincent Y. Odoya, am telling myself that I must take care of the people around me and the ones I care. It is because I realized that when you do not take care of your employees, like Steve Jobs, your company might be in a great danger. Like how Steve Jobs never ever take care or being concerned on the health of his employees when he was already a successful entrepreneur. Because of this it lead to his downfall position at his own company and eventually being fired from his own company and for me it is one of the biggest embarrassment if I were Steve Jobs. Also if I were an entrepreneur, I could see myself as a like a Bill Gates one in which I will do everything to gain income and financial capital in my own business. I know I would take small risk but now I will try taking large risks in which it could benefit myself as an entrepreneur and for my own company’s income. It is because if I am not taking any risks, my company could not be in danger but will never ever gain customers, clients, and income in which it would be difficult for the company to struggle without. As an entrepreneur, I would also see myself as the kind that will prepare in any case something happens. I realized that an entrepreneurs must be ready at all times even though at good times, an entrepreneur must always prepare an emergency plan. I must prepare emergency plans in any case the situation gets worse. Because if I ever do not prepare emergency plans, there would be a possibility that the business would fail and would hardly get back up or if it is just a small one, it may become large to a point where it can’t be cured or cannot be fixed anymore. That Is why we must always prepare emergency even though we are not an entrepreneur or we are an entrepreneur so we can be ready at almost anything that is coming towards us. Example, if there is a problem, there must always be a back-up plan. Example is when your project proposal is rejected, never ever frail for that, but just prepare another project proposal and in any case before that we must have prepared an emergency plan always so we can be prepared at the best times o worst times. As an entrepreneur, I see myself doing a game company, since games are one of the things that I love most in my life and the one that made me love computers. I will be an entrepreneur but I will also be a technopreneur in which I do things through the technology provided everywhere. I also see myself as a game designer because designing games is what I love, not in coding but can be in graphic ones. I also see myself as an entrepreneur by being a competitor to other big game companies because I have big dreams for myself and for my company and employees. I also can see myself as entrepreneur that wants my employees to grow big even though they left my own company, as long as I can help people in my business, I am kind of happy of what I am doing in my own business. As an entrepreneur, I can see myself as the boss that knows where to take risk at the spur of a moment. It is because, even if I am a small risk taker, I take risk on where I can assure that either I gain or I learn something which can benefit me and everyone else in the company and for the company I am working on. Also, if I were an entrepreneur I must also learn on being alone because not everyone from the start will stay beside you always, they will either quit being beside you, be the opponent you have never expected or be the persons that will let you down. As an entrepreneur, I must be cautious of everything I must do. Because in any wrong move or decision I make which is not avoidable in life and in companies’ life, I must prepare the consequences in which I am ready to take on in my life. Same with life, every decision I must make must be for the good of the company and not only for myself. But sometimes we can’t avoid making some bad decisions that we cannot control in our life, so we must also prepare in things that we do not expect in our lives. As an entrepreneur, I can also see myself as a person that can understand others too. I am not like Steve Jobs that lets his employees work 90 hours a week with no sleep and I am not that kind of sadistic person. I am the kind of person that lets people work but with maximum effort but never ever make them hate me for what bad things that I will do to them like making them work for more than the required hours per week, not paying them for the overtime that they did, not treating them properly, not let them having a vacation because all of this can result to bad connections with employees and not far from the future it can be the down fall of the company you are owning or you are working on. I can also see myself as an entrepreneur to be competing with other big game companies like the Blizzard Entertainment, Valve Company, Naughty Dog Productions, CD Projekt Company, and EA Company as I progress in my future. As an entrepreneur, I must also know how the limits of what I can do so that I can know which are my strengths in things and my weaknesses and all in all. Also, if I knew my limits, I would know which areas I must improve myself for the betterment of the company and to improve myself as the lead entrepreneur or the boss in my own company. As an entrepreneur, I can see myself as I have high hopes and dreams because for me, I must never dream small, I must always think big and dream big so I can achieve what I want to achieve in the future. Also, almost all entrepreneurs dream big but start slow, even though they start slow, they work hard to achieve or make their dream come true like what happened to Apple. Steve Jobs dreamed big and after years of hard work and being wise and making good decisions for the company, later on he achieved what he wants, to be the opponent of the International Business Machine or the IBM which is at that time considered as the final boss or the world’s strongest company ever created. As an entrepreneur, I can see myself that I also must be wise at making decisions, because making crucial decisions is part of being an entrepreneur. Being good at decisions especially at crucial ones can make one thing go good or bad. It can either be a success or a total failure, so an entrepreneur must really think wisely and must also think about the crucial decisions and the consequences he or the company can receive in any decisions. He must think about the employees too. As an entrepreneur, I can see myself as the one that can take things to the highest level and taking care of small problems that can potentially be a big problem in the future we can directly meet. As an entrepreneur, I can see myself as a person that always takes the responsibilities if it is meant to be taken by me. I must hold responsible for every decision I make either for the company, for the employees or for the owner of the company. As an entrepreneur, I can see myself as treating the employees rightfully and not like a machine. Like what happened to Steve Jobs, when he treated them like machines, he let them work for 90 hours a week and soon in the future, the employees were kind of mad at him and kind of turned against him like how he hired the new Chief Executive Officer and after 3 months of his thirty eight birthday he rusticated Steve Jobs from his job. As an entrepreneur, I can also see myself as a person that can compete with big companies but never will underestimate small companies because sometimes the small ones can even be a big threat or potential threat to company’s future even though they are still young. I must outsmart them as an entrepreneur and anything else.
3. For me, I would kind of take Steve Jobs path because what he did was kind of a good one but he treated everyone in his way like a machine and that is where he failed in his journey while he is still an entrepreneur or a technopreneur. In some ways I want to take the path of Steve Jobs when he always screamed at Steve Wozniak for agreeing on an interview in company which he said that the company is interested in their computer but Steve Jobs won’t let him because he wants to have his own company and he does not want to work for others. What I say is that there are some paths I would take like what Steve Jobs took and there are also some paths where I will not take what Steve Jobs took. Some paths that he took were good but some their will not benefit me or the company or it will not be able to help me and my company at all. For me, I would also take the path of Steve Jobs where he invested more on his time in investing and doing the hardware he used to sell or the first computer that he and Steve Wozniak created. I would take that path because in that path lies innovation. In their time, computers are very rare in the machine industry and what they created was not to make people be comfortable and their lives but they did that to earn more profit in their own terms. And in that moment, they thought of an innovation in which all machines are like combines into 1 machine. Like the calculator, calendar, coding and many more and whey they built that, they called it the “first computer” and I can call that an innovation in which they invented because in their time, their invention or the “first computer” was like made from everything with various features. What I meant is that, all machines like calculator, clock, word processing, spreadsheet and many more were combined to a “simple” machine which were invented and developed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak from a machine they ordered and were given by the Altair. Because of this “simple” innovation they made, it made Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak become successful in what they want to excel. In life, there would always be paths that one must take to become successful and one must not take so that they will not fail in their life. That is why I want to take some of the path that Steve Jobs took and I also want to get rid of some path that Steve Jobs took that will not make me a successful person in the future and will not let my company be a successful one in the future. In life, we should take some paths that were also taken by others like what Bill Gates did, he does not know that he had also taken Steve Jobs’ path but the way he handled it was not being an ass to everyone or every person he meets in his path, instead he treats them with respect but he gives a good fight. Not like what Steve Jobs did that he just messed everyone and bump everyone without respect in his way. What I meant was that the way he treated his employees just like a machine is not what Bill Gates did to be successful in the future. Also, what I want to take in Steve Jobs’ path was the time he had big confidence in his invention. I like the way he presented it to others and the way he presented it so he can loan at the bank and the money he loaned, he made it to other prototypes of the machine they built with Steve Wozniak. After being the most famous invention in a convention in California, he became outright successful that he built a company for his inventions. In the movie, he “stole” the mouse and the user interface which were made by a small company somewhere in the United States of America which was rejected by the Xerox Company which they called the mouse a ridiculous thing. But what Steve Jobs did was that he “stole” the mouse and user interface idea which led him to create the Apple Lisa which like first computer that had user interface and a mouse. I do not want to take the path that Steve Jobs stole the concept of an idea, it is because, other people worked for it and you will just buy it? Where is the justice in that situation for the one who invented it? Unless, the inventor can also benefit from it then, I would hesitate to think to take the path Steve Jobs took. Also, I want to take the path Steve Jobs took in which he invented the Apple Lisa. Apple Lisa is named after the first daughter of Steve Jobs which he left to his ex-girlfriend named Arlene in which he left when he knew that she was pregnant and the father is him. I also do not want to take that path that Steve Jobs took because it was an irresponsible one for me. Maybe he thought that having a family may be a hindrance to his success but for me it is not and that is why I do not want to take a path in which Steve Jobs took that he left his family for the sake of the company because he thought that it was a hindrance for him. And that is why I want to take some paths that Steve Jobs took but I also do not want to take some of the paths he took because it is not beneficial for me and it is against myself to do some of his actions that he once did. There was also a situation in which Steve Jobs also did a foolish move in which he asked a new applicant if he was a virgin, and he asks too many ridiculous questions that is not part or does not need to be an employee in Apple Company and he immediately told him that he is not suited for this company and he tells him that he is more in with the International Business Machine, what he thinks his enemy, to be more suited in that place than being in the Apple Company. I also do not want to take that path of Steve Jobs because it is him being a foolish guy to his employees which I think is a wrong move because as an entrepreneur, they must also value his or her employees too. Not only just the income and clients must think about when it comes to business, he or she must also think about the employees before the clients and the customers because without the employees of his or her company, the company would not even exist at the first place. I will not take that path where Steve Jobs took that path because it I s harmful and toxic for my own company for me to be doing this kind of act. And it is also because if I treated my employees the way Steve Jobs treated his, there could be something that will happen in the future which the employees would backbite the hand that fed them because they have been treated badly by the employer. Like what happened to Steve Jobs, after he promoted Bill Sculley to be a Chief Executive Officer, after how many year Bill felt the way he was treated by Steve Jobs and also he felt the way the employees of his were treated by Steve Jobs. I think that for Bill Sculley, it is like Steve Jobs were treating his employees like a robot that made them work for 90 hours a week even though the employees do not like it and they must do it too because each of them had no choice. One other path that I do not want to take that Steve Jobs took was the way he divided his company. Because of the division, Steve Jobs thought that it would make his company be more efficient, successful, and more functional than before. But the end result was the opposite, many of his colleagues like Steve Wozniak, who was with him from the start of Apple Company until its rise, left his side. Steve Wozniak left because he can’t stand what Steve Jobs is doing to his own company anymore. He can’t stand the way Steve Jobs divided the company to two, the Macintosh and the rest of the Apple team, because for him it would make the company fall apart slowly and he does not want that and he also left because he thinks that Steve Jobs has changed his personality and attitude and he does not want it. That is why I also want to take some of the path that Steve Jobs took and I also do not want to take some of the bad paths of what Steve Jobs took too.

Saturday 17 September 2016

3 Idiots

Assuming I watched the 3 idiots, the first time Farhan was shown was when he was going somewhere around the world and suddenly Chatur, the one that is called Silencer because of being noisy when studying and able to fart slowly but deadly, called him because Chatur said that he already knew where Ranchodas Shamaldas Chanchad is at. After that, Farhan suddenly pretended to be sick because the airplane already went off the ground and that means that he can’t let the plane land unless there was an emergency incident that happened. So what Farhan did was he pretended himself to be sick and after that the plane went for emergency landing and what he did after bringing him to the airport was that he did stretch to show that he was okay. For me, Farhan was the good friend that is like loyal to Rancho. After that scene, Farhan called Raju Rastogi because they were considered as the 3 idiots when they were an engineering student at Imperial College of Engineering. He went to Raju, he had no pants that time and that seemed kind of a funny for me. I would want to reflect on Farhan Qureshi’s Life. For me, his life was quite a strange and a realistic one because he was pressured being something that he doesn’t want to be. In the movie 3 idiots, he was being pressured as an Engineer because his parents decide his fate when he was born. Even though he doesn’t want to, he was forced to go to school at Imperial College of Engineering and there he would go to school as an engineer even though he doesn’t want to be one. He does want to become a nature photographer in which his parents especially his father doesn’t want him to be. He was provided almost everything he needs, like the one where his father bought a laptop for him because he thought it was useful for his job as something that he doesn’t want to be. It was engineering that he doesn’t want to be. When he went to the Imperial College of Engineering, he met Ranchodas 'Rancho' Shamaldas Chanchad. Ranchodas Shamaladas Chanchad also known as Rancho was first seen by Farhan at their first night at their college when Rancho did not do the ritual that were required for them to do. But what Rancho did was that he didn’t follow what the seniors said and he electrocuted one of the senior leaders in there and he was Farhan’s roommate at the same time. One of the things I noticed about Farhan was that, he always listens to Rancho’s advices and he never stay away from him even though their director thinks that Rancho is a bad influence to them and even though he was commanded from his parents that he must stay away from him. He was a passionate at being a photographer in which the parents think was just a silly hobby but for him it was his ultimate passion. For me, Farhan was quite a pity because like most of people I knew, he was being forced by his parents to take on something that he doesn’t want to be.
Like someone I knew, he want to be an architect but what he took during college was Bachelor of Science in Information Technology. When I asked him why, he said because it was his parents’ decision and also because the one who funds him for his college was his parents so he had no choice but to follow the decision of his parents to so he can satisfy his parents’ happiness and lives. What I can say in that decision was that he must convince his parents that he wants to go to that course instead of the course his parents wants him to be because the one who would regret in his or her endlife would only be him or herself because he or she did not do what he or she wants to be in his or her life. Also, even though his or her parents doesn’t want what their children decided what he or she wants to be, the parents only wants his or her child to be happy in life because even though he or she satisfied what the parents want him or her to be, he or she would never satisfy him or herself because he did something that he doesn’t want to do. Throughout the story, he was the type of character in which always goes with the flow of what his friend Rancho did. He was Ranchos’ partner in crime in almost what he all did. When he and Rancho and Raju went drinking, he promised that he would confront his parents that he doesn’t want to become what they want him to be and convinces his parents that he wants to be a photographer a job that he wants to do for as long as Rancho confessed to Pia, his lover, that he loves her. At the end, he did what he must do and that is to convince his parents that he wants to be a photographer and not an engineer. I can understand the pain for Farhan because I kind of experience what his parents has done to him. I was being chosen if I will go to a prestigious university near Jacinto or the university with good standards in Obrero but what I really want was neither of the two but still I am thankful for it. I think that what the parents of Farhan think is that Engineering was the best job for him because they saw the world where engineers can make them become famous and rich and everything that you ever wish for. He was provided almost everything he needs, like the one where his father bought a laptop for him because he thought it was useful for his job as something that he doesn’t want to be. It was engineering that he doesn’t want to be. However, what they did not see is that the offspring or the son was not even happy for what the parents chose for him or her. I understand that parents only want the best for their child but what about their own happiness? So when the parents die happily because the offspring chose the future they have chosen for him, will the offspring be happy in his or her death bed? The answer is the offspring would not be happy unless the path of the child that the parents chose was beneficial or also the path that the child favors.
Example, when the offspring is born, the parents said that he or she must be an engineer when he or she grows up, but later years he realized he wants to be an artist, and the parents thought that being an artist does not make you earn enough money for the living, so the offspring chose the engineering path and he fulfills the wishes of his parents until they die but did they ever ask the child of what path he or she wants his or her life? Did they ever think about the happiness? And in this situation, the child will likely be in sorrow and will blame himself for all the bad decisions he made in his life. In another example, when the offspring was born, the parents said that be in the path that you wanted to be, and when he or she was growing up he or she was never pressured in a path and at the right age, he or she chose the path and the parents just supported him or her. In the two situations I have given, who do you think would be happier in their death bed? The first one which is forced to take the path that is decided by his or her parents but never has the happiness to do it, or the second in which he or she took advantage of the free will and which is also supported by his or her parents. And yes, what you think is right, the person in the second situation would be more happier in his or her death bed than the first one because what I think in the first one is that he or she is just following what the superiors say, just like in 3 idiots, all the students only follow what the professors say and never intend to think of new ideas, while in the second situation, he or she chose his or her path to his or her happiness, then I can say that what the person did in the second situation is making his or her life more happy the way he or she is. What happened in the first situation is also what happened to Farhan Qureshi. Farhan Qureshi was being raise into this world with the thinking that he must make his parents happy so I would be what they wanted to be but in his heart he really wants to be a photographer and not an engineer like his parents wants him to be.
So when he went to the Imperial College of Engineering, and befriend Ranchodas Shamaldas Chanchad, he and the other two were being reprimanded by the Virus or the director because they were hard headed and their grade was failing. He also said that “It is sad when you knew that your friend failed. But it is more depressing when your friend top and you do not.” It is kind of true because, I had a best friend in high school and in college which also I worried too. When they were reprimanded by Virus and wrote a letter for both Farhan and Raju, they went first to Farhan’s house and Rancho discovered there that he really wants to be a nature photographer and he idolizes one foreign photographer and he wants to be an apprentice for this guy. Farhan is an example of being just a follower in the society because of his superiors also known as his parents. He was provided almost everything he needs, like the one where his father bought a laptop for him because he thought it was useful for his job as something that he doesn’t want to be. It was engineering that he doesn’t want to be. Because of this, sometime children tend to do suicide just like another character in the movie named Joy Lobo. He is an almost graduating student and because of just a single project he could not finish but towards the end, Rancho finished but in the wrong time because it was too late. Joy Lobo committed suicide because I think that he can’t take anymore the pressure he is currently keeping in himself. We all know that being pressured is normal in college and in life but too much pressure is a no no because it can add damages to our wounds that we have. I mean, being too much pressured is bad because not only your brain would be affected but also, the work that you are currently doing would be affected too. Also, we human do not deserved to be pressured too much. Life is a free yet complicated one but we must not pressure ourselves on what we are going to do, what we must do and what we are going to do. We must enjoy life, there would be pressure but it is always normal in life. It will never ever be gone and we must be ready for it whenever it comes so college is there to prepare us for it but never too much on being pressured. Also, Farhan is a good example because he confronted his parents about his dreams. Towards at the end of the movie, Rancho always buy books that he always publishes and he discovered that because of the maintenance or the janitor guy named Millimeter, that is now called Centimeter.
Assuming I watched the “3 idiots” movie, I also want to reflect on Ranchodas Smaldas Chanchad’s life also known as Rancho. The first time he appeared in the movie was when Farhan Qureshi and Raju Rastogi were in kind of like an initiation in a fraternity held by the higher years in their university. What they did was they let them remove their pants and do some weird tricks or acts like the James Bond which Chatur did and more and suddenly, Rancho came in with his water jug. The seniors told him that he must also do what the others want to do (like removing pants and do any weird thing). After that, Rancho did not follow their orders so what the seniors did is that they pour water in Rancho’s pants so they can provoke him and force him to remove it but what Rancho did was that he rushed to his room, which is also the room of Farhan and Raju, and planned something. When he went to his room, the seniors provoked and the leader threatened to pee in his door, so what Rancho did is that when the leader had a countdown, he made a device in which could electrocute someone in a minimum amount when wet so, when the leader peed on it he was directly electrocuted. After that, the friendship of the 3 progressed. At one situation, when he was being called because of smiling in the class, he described the word “Machines” in the most simple form I have ever heard and it was “Anything that simplifies work is a machine.” and so on and so forth but what the professor did was that he rejected it and called Chatur and what Chatur answered was that “Machines are any combinations of bodies so connected that their relative motions are constrained and by which means, force and motion may be transmitted and modified as a screw and its nut, or a lever arranged to turn about a fulcrum or a pulley about its pivot etc. especially a construction, more or less complex consisting of a combination of moving parts, or simple mechanical as wheels, levers, cams etc.” and then he accepted it but Rancho insisted because there were so many definitions and it is too long. For me, a short and more meaningful definition was better than a long and too many worded sentence because in real life, they just do it simply and not complex. What I mean is that in life, all a human wants is becoming simple and not making it complicated or complex. Next is that in one situation when Virus said that he will give the special ballpoint pen he has to the most excellent student he asked that why don’t astronauts use a pencil because it is cheaper and much easier to erase than a ballpoint pen. After that, he advised Millimeter because he wants to go to school and he does not have the money, so what Rancho did was that he gave him money and told him that he just needs to buy a uniform and join in because he would not be notice too because of the crowded students in the school. What I think about that is that it is kind of a brilliant idea when you want to go to school but you do not have the money to spend for education. The next is that there was once a student named Joy Lobo whose project is always rejected by the Director so after Joy Lobo threw his project, the miniature helicopter, he saw it and he said it was a great innovation so what he did is he fixed and modified the device to make it more functional and more useful than the previous one, he had sleepless nights and he always tested it so it would be functional in any case. After he fixed, modified and do whatever it takes to finish and polish the device, he was too late because he was the first to discover and knew that Joy Lobo committed suicide because of the pressure he received after being rejected and knowing that he cannot graduate that year. When most of the one that knew Joy Lobo went to the funeral, he told Virus that what happened was a murder and not suicide and he said the suspect should be the pressure that killed him. So after that day, Virus talked to Rancho and he reprimanded him because of what Rancho said and he let him lecture the class because Virus thinks that Rancho is better than the highly qualified teachers in the university. When he taught them, he let them search the definition of “Farhanitrate” and “Prerajulization” for 30 seconds so the students searched and searched and searched for the meaning but even after 30 seconds, he said that when they searched for the meaning, did they get excited for learning something new? Did they become even curious for those words? What increased in their mind was not intelligence but the pressure was the one increasing in your mind just like what happened to Joy Lobo. He said that instead of learning, the students went and involve themselves in a frantic race. He also said that what is the use of these if it does not increase your knowledge but only your pressure in your mind? I think he has a point what he said because most students in the other countries have a high suicide rate because of the pressure they received. I think that I even reached a time when Philippines also had a high suicide rate and most of them were students and the reason of why they commit suicide is because of the pressure of school for them. Like what happened to Joy Lobo. Rancho also said that this is college and not a pressure cooker so what he implied in this statement is that this is school a place for learning, enjoying and innovating some ideas, and this is not a place to only gain pressure and not learning something new. He also cite an example in which the lion learns to sit on a chair in fear of a whip and we call the lion only well trained and not well educated.
After that, Virus wrote a letter to Farhan and Raju’s parents and told them that Rancho is a bad influence to the two of them. So first, they went to Farhan’s house and was immediately reprimanded by the father of Farhan because he does not want Farhan’s studies to be hindered by some friends of his. But when they went to Farhan’s house Rancho immediately noticed the pictures that are posted in Farhan’s room which are the animals of nature and he noticed that those are good but the father of Farhan said that it was an old hobby of his but the truth is that Farhan really wants to be a nature photographer but his parents insisted that he must be an engineer for his sake but still the parents chose him to be an engineer because they thought that this would make him earn good money and sustain his future needs. After that, they went to Raju Rastogi’s house where they went to a year 1950’s house and they met the father of Raju which is paralyzed and also a former postmaster, a sick mother and a sister who cannot marry because of the dowry needed for the marriage. Raju’s mother always complains about their life where all the items in the market are really expensive like the cauliflower and many more especially the cottage cheese which is really expensive for them. After that since they cannot eat there because of how disgusting they prepare their food, they went to a random occasion where Rancho first met Pia, which is the daughter of Virus, their director, and the event was the wedding of one of Virus’ daughter which is also the older sister of Pia. When they went there, Rancho showed how foolish or greedy Pia’s fiancé is. He showed it to her by pouring the sauce in the shoes of the fiancé and he predicted that the fiancé will shout the price of the shoes that were poured by the sauce and that makes him a fool. After that, they were caught by the director and then reprimanded again the next day so what Virus did was that he assigned Raju and Farhan to the room where Chatur is and only Raju followed what Virus said so after that. He kind of blame himself for what happened so Farhan and Rancho devised a plan to tell Raju that what he currently doing is not good so they sabotaged the upcoming speech of Chatur to tell the message to Raju that always studying and not understanding is really a bad idea when you grow up because that is the worst part of life. And since Chatur does not understand Hindi because he is from Uganda, and he had his speech checked by the librarian and after paraphrasing all of that, Rancho and Farhan kind of messed up his speech so that they can send a message to Farhan that studying without understanding is bad for your mind. After that, the director was so mad that he banged Chatur’s head on the microphone and Chatur got mad at Rancho and had a case where they would meet again after 10 years to see who is more successful between the two of them. For me, sending a message to a friend about the danger is good but what they did was kind of bad because it mocks the person who is uninvolved in the fights that they have. After that scene, he met with Pia once again who was with her fiancé buying a new watch. Pia saw him when he was buying parts for the machine that Virus is requiring him to make. So, when they met he asked if she was still with the foolish fiancé whom always mentions the price of a product so what Rancho said is that he values the money more than her and Pia got mad so Rancho said he will prove to her that is true so what he did was hide the watch and told her fiancé that the watch was lost. So what happened was the prediction of Rancho which he will always find the thing more than the person. After that, someone called Rancho in which they said that the condition of Raju’s father who was sick is more painful than it was so he took Pia’s scooter and brought her to the house of Raju. After that, when they went to his house, they said that he needs to be brought to a hospital but the ambulance will take 2 hours to get to their house so what they did was bring him to the hospital through the scooter and it was kind of funny but it was an emergency this was in an urgent case. After that, Raju went to the hospital and got mad at Rancho because he brought his father through the scooter and not through an ambulance but when the doctor spoke that he might had not survived if they waited for the ambulance and he said it was good that they brought him to the hospital through the scooter rather than waiting for an ambulance because if not, Raju’s father could have already died so Raju was so thankful for it. For me, Rancho is a great friend because he treats his friends not only friends but a part of his own family like his real family also the family of his friends, he treated them as a family of his that is why I could say that Ranchodas Shamaldas Chanchad is a great friend but towards the movie his real name is Phunsukh Wangdu which is the person that Chatur is finding throughout the series.
Next is Raju Rastogi who was my favorite character among three because although he faced too many challenges in the movie, he still accepted it and he accomplished his dream in where he will become an engineer and will graduate from Imperial College of Engineering. Assuming I watched the 3 idiots, Raju Rastogi first appeared in the movie when he was called by Farhan that Chatur found Ranchodas Shamaldas Chanchad which is being searched by them for how many years after they graduated. It is because Rancho suddenly disappeared after graduation. Raju grew in a low income family. His father is a former postmaster but now he suffers from stroke because he is paralyzed. His mother is a housewife and a sick one while his sister cannot marry because of the dowry needed by the man that she wants to marry and it is a car. Rancho and Farhan described their house as a 1950 theme and they see it as a white and black movie like the one in which they did in the movie. How he met Rancho was the same in the case of Farhan in which were in kind of like an initiation in a fraternity held by the higher years in their university. What they did was they let them remove their pants and do some weird tricks or acts like the James Bond which Chatur did and more and suddenly, Rancho came in with his water jug. At first, he did not quite like Rancho because it was lie he was different from the society he lives on. So in a situation, Raju is the person in which he believed that staying with Chatur was better for him at studying than Rancho because for him Rancho is a bad influence in his studies. Raju also believes in gods and always offer and praise them because he thinks that the gods will give him the knowledge and enlightenment to pass his exams and pass his course as an engineer in Imperial College of Engineering.
So he did this everyday but sadly, he always ends up being always at the last, same with Farhan. One of the things that I can reflect towards his story is that he is willing to finish study and get a decent job so he can help his family throughout their lives he is like the breadwinner in his family. I, on the other hand, am not a breadwinner of the family but I want to finish my college so that I can help my family in financial needs and also I can help myself. I would want to repay all the debts I have to my own family who took care of me until I grow old, that is why I am still going to school and doing my best to pass all the subjects that I need to pass. After that situation, there was a situation in which he was being sent a message by Rancho and Farhan by changing the speech of Chatur teaching him that mindless cramming will result on what just happened to him. Chatur embarrassed Virus and the Minister of Education. Still, Raju did not listen to Rancho and Farhan and still insisted to stay with Chatur even though he was forced to stay with someone who studies while farting and studies noisily. Chatur also do dirty tactics in which he sends pornographic magazines in to other students’ rooms so he could outdo them and they will not study but will just read the pornographic magazines Chatur gave to them. After that, when he knew that his father was in the hospital, he rushed and reprimanded Rancho because they sent his father through the scooter that they have and they did not waited for an ambulance. But after the doctor said that a little bit of delay and it would not end well, he meant that if they waited for the ambulance and did not went to hospital with a scooter then the father of Raju would surely die. After he learned that, he apologized to Rancho because what he thought was wrong and what Rancho did was right. He went crying and also Rancho cried and hugged him. For me, Rancho was a great friend for that situation. After that, they went late for exams so what Rancho, Farhan and Raju did is that after they went to submit their test papers to the teacher, they asked him if he knew their names and their ID number, but the teacher said he did not so what they did was they messed up the table and ran immediately. After that scene, they went to look if there exams scores did well. When they looked, they placed or ranked at the last place. Then, they went looking for Rancho’s score but did not found it in the part where they are so they became sad. Farhan sat down but Raju still went to look for Rancho’s name but his name was place at the first place and they said that “Your friend fails, you feel bad. Your friend tops, you feel worse.” That was kind of a relating one because I had a friend before at elementary where he always tops at the top 10 of the class and I always placed at the middle rank so yea I feel kind of bad for them and another situation is that when in high school I had a friend also that always placed or rank at the bottom and always fails and I really feel bad for what happened but not in the case where in elementary where my friend always tops the class. I kind of feel bad but yeah we must learn our mistakes and we must not repeat them for our sake of it.
When they were in the class pictorial, Raju and Farhan are positioned at the edge of the photo in which Rancho mad a proposal that if they both get a job after they graduate from the school then the director will shave his beard for them. After that scene, in the future in which they already found Ranchodas Shamaldas Chanchad’s house, he and Farhan found that Rancho’s real name is not Rancho so they investigated and found that they just used the real Rancho to just get a degree in Engineering in Imperial College of Engineering. Then after that, in the past, he and Farhan were being shamed by Virus because all throughout their school, they were always at the last place or rank during exams, and for the school it is quite shameful because the school, Imperial College of Engineering, is a competitive type of school. It means that the student must always compete to the top because it will be really bad if they fell down and become last in their perspective. I also kind of experience in an environment where the firsts always matters. I mean the top student in the class matters and the last placers do not. It was when I was still in high school where firsts always mattered wherever you are. It does not matter if you are second, third or more as long as you are he first, then all of it will be okay.
After that scene, the three of them, Raju, Farhan and Rancho drank alcoholic beverages with them. When they are drunk enough, Rancho first said that Farhan must not continue to be an engineer but he must be a wildlife photographer just like what he wanted to be if not for his parents. And also, Rancho said that he must not believe in such superstitious or religious aspects so that he can land a job and so he will not just depend on it but he will also have a confidence in himself almost he said that Raju is afraid of the future future and he does not risk anything that is why he thinks that he must not depend on his beliefs and his religion because in the end religion will never ever save you. Then, Raju said that he must first confess his love for Pia before they would do that. So the condition is, Rancho must confess first to Pia and what Farhan will do is that he will tell parents that he really wants to be a wildlife photographer rather than being an engineer and for Raju, to remove his rings when doing his job interview in the campus. So what happened is that, the three of them, Raju, Rancho and Farhan, went to Pia’s house also known as Virus’ house and they went their drunk. What Farhan did is that he removed some of the letters in Virus nameplate in their gate while Raju and Rancho went up to what they think is Pia’s room and while Rancho confessed to Pia that he loves her, he did not realize that the one he is talking to is her sister. While the sister revealed herself, Raju went down with Farhan in the ground floor, and what they did was that both of them peed and shouted some inaudible words that even I do not know. And because of that, Virus woke up and when they attempted to go out, he only recognized one face which belonged to Raju and after they that, they went to a classroom and slept their until the next morning. The next morning, they were up but Raju was being called by Virus because Virus went to the classroom and wants to find Raju because of what he did. Then, he said that he wants Raju Rastogi by his office later. So when Raju went Virus’ office he asked if what it is. Virus replied that if he does know how to use a laptop and type in a word processing software, then he said yes. So Raju typed what will the director said and he said that “Dear Sir, it is my painful duty to inform you that your son, Raju Rastogi is rusticated form Imperial College of Engineering.” It was kind of harsh and Raju was already crying for it so, what the director next said is kind of hard for me and he said that replace your name with Ranchodas Shamaladas Chanchad, and it will all be alright. After that, he was given 7 and a half minutes to decide which name will be written in the letter, either Raju Rastogi, his name, or his best friend’s name, Ranchodas Shamaldas Chanchad. For me, if I were in his position it would also be hard for me to decide whether to put my name or my best friend’s name. But in this movie, what Raju Rastogi did was way worse than the conditions given. He suddenly jumped from the Director’s office to the ground. It was kind of unexpected for him to do it because I thought he was okay but I only thought that it was. After that, he was sent to the hospital and suffered a sickness that causes the body to paralyze in shock but making his mind alert so it was never an option too to give up Raju’s life, so what they did was to never cry in front of Raju so it will not let his condition go to worse. Rancho and Farhan did almost anything to say to just make him happy by telling happy things like, his rustication is suspended, and his mother received a new dress named something and more. But still nothing happened, so after that Rancho said that Farhan will marry his sister jokingly at least to help Raju feel better and he repeated it and repeat until he became better and suddenly, it really made him get well. So after that, they did what they promise in where Farhan must talk to his parents about the future of becoming a photographer and not an engineer, it went well and it was a dramatic one while Raju succeeded in getting a job without depending on others.

Monday 12 September 2016

Reflection/Learning [Topic: Technopreneurship (Davao Academe Perspective)]



As I listen through the discussion of Sir Randy S. Gamboa on his lecture or what I call a mini seminar, I can say that my mindset has changed. First, when he let us prepare a yellow paper, I realized I didn’t have one and when I attempted to ask for a sheet of yellow paper, he immediately said that they must sell the paper for the price of double and that’s the time I realized that being a technopreneur needs to be wise at making decisions and always taking advantage of the situations in the business. Example is when it is a specific or meaningful holiday, like Christmas, entrepreneurs intend to put a discount or a midnight sale so they can sell more and that’s how technopreneurs or entrepreneurs take advantage of a situation in which they can increase their income. And then he let us prepare a blue ball pen. So, we bought outside and we also bought a red ball pen just in case he requires us to need one. When we went back to the room, he really required us to bring a red ball pen and the thing I learned from there is that we always need to be ready in any case even in the best case scenario and through the worst case scenario. We must be always prepare for the worst. Just like in business, we must be always prepared for any situation, be it for best, worst or an average situation. You must prepare emergency plans in any case the situation gets worse. In the activity, we need to connect the nine small, black and round circles using only 4 strokes and we must never lift the ball pen up when we are doing the strokes. It was a real challenge for everyone around the room. First, a student tried to solve yet she failed, then the mayor who solved too but also failed until one classmate solved it by overlapping the lines from the circles and when he was asked to explain it by Sir Randy, he said that, the instruction was only to connect the nine dots with 4 strokes and never raise the ball pen up but he never ever said that we can overlap the lines so we can connect all the dots and we must also think outside of the box. Which in this case I think that thinking outside the box is a necessary “skill” in technopreneurship, and anything else. Because of thinking outside of the box, we tend to be more unique and more creative in our ideas which are the factors that we must have as a technopreneur. Also, thinking outside the box can help us solve our problems in a certain situation. After that he discussed to us a little bit of history when he was to spread the technopreneurship subject all throughout Mindanao and being Davao City as the IT Capital of the Philippines which I also want to be part of in the near future. He said that once there were Australians that wants him and another former dean from the Ateneo De Davao University, to go to Australia to be trained in Technopreneurship and instead, he requested that they will send some trainers and he will call some faculties and deans so that most of Davao IT faculties would learn Technopreneurship. He also taught us the Basic Mindset which, what I understood, is that the basic mindset which is taught by parents at home, school and almost everything in society is that ‘Go to school, get good grades, land a good job.’ Which is not bad for me because that was my mindset before. Most of the students also thought that this was the best form of mindset until he introduced us the Advance mindset which is ‘Go to school, get good grades, create a company, and let it grow.’ Which changed my mindset in life because for me this was the more successful path than the first. Imagine Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and many more company owners did this, except Steve Jobs and Bill Gates were a dropout, but what they did was create a startup company which is kinda hard to let it be consistent, but what they did was get some ideas and modify it, sometimes they make ideas and invest in it. One example is the Facebook, which is from the idea of Mark Zuckerberg’s friend, what he did is ‘steal’ the idea and he added some modifications in it. Because of this, his company became one of the most successful companies in the world. Also, I think that because of this advance mindset, it may increase people’s chance of being successful because they are thinking what is beyond their capabilities. What I think about the basic mindset is that this is the mindset which can let people be least successful than the people who think the advance mindset. I am not underestimating the basic mindset, but being an employer is better than being an employee. I think that being an employer for me is more successful than being an employee. The basic mindset was called basic mindset because, for me, it was the most common in which it is taught everywhere, if it is not taught it was the default mindset of everybody else. Advance mindset for me is taught or thought by some people who wants to be really successful in life. Advance mindset for me is the one that drives people into making ideas uniquely and creatively. Both are quite similar because in basic mindset it is ‘Go to school, get good grades, and land a good job’, and in the advance mindset is that ‘Go to School, get good grades, create a company and be an employer.’ Here, the similarities of both is that go to school and get good grades, what makes them different is the aftermath of both. And because of the advance mindset lecture, my mindset was changed because what I want before is to become just an employee for a company that I want to work for, but now my mindset is changed to first work for that company for a while and when I discovered a forte for myself then I would create a startup company for that specific forte and then become an employer for myself, that became my mindset after I heard sir lecturing and explaining us about this. For me, technopreneurship teach us the advance mindset and how to be successful in this. After that he discussed to us the macro strategy. He told us the steps to spread the technopreneurship in Davao. He told us the schools in which takes steps to promote technopreneurship in Mindanao specifically in Davao. The universities were University of Southeastern Philippines or USEP, Ateneo de Davao University or ADDU, University of Mindanao or UM, University of Immaculate Concepcion or UIC, Holy Cross of Davao College or HCDC, University of the Philippines or UP which is found in Mintal, Davao City, System Technology Institute or STI College, and many more. He said that he and the former dean of Ateneo de Davao University, called a meeting for most of the IT faculties in Davao for the technopreneurship program which is offered by the Australian government. He said that they asked for an expert in this and he wants him or her to lecture to them the basics, needs and the goals of the technopreneurship subject. He said that the government of Australia had 23 million dollars or pesos as a budget for this so what they did was he asked them to help them make it as a curriculum for every subject in IT with the schools that were invited. He also discussed to us the results if we graduated in USEP. He said that the best graduates in USEP, lands in good jobs around the world. One example is in Japan where she became a high ranked officer in software systems, one was in Cebu in which he worked for a computer company, one who is in Manila working for a gaming company and may more. He also said that the best graduates are being lured into companies and they are the ones being offered by the big companies and he also said that the average graduates stay in Davao and is hard to land on related jobs. But he also said that even if there are many advantages in being a great graduate in University of Southeastern Philippines, he is quite saddened because, most of the best graduates did not even help Davao become a sustainable and economic IT Capital because they were hired by the outside companies and because of that, they contributed more on the outside than their mother city in which the professor said that “Tayo ang sumaing, iba ang kumain.” Which is the most suitable quote for the event because they are mostly trained and furnished in Davao but another company or place took advantage of it. That is why the Davao City is the most human resource- provider here in the Philippines. I then realized that I need to pursue my dream but after that I must contribute to make Davao the IT Capital of the Philippines because as a student I also have the responsibility too to at least contribute some learning or share some advices when they need to work in the IT industry. Also, I think that even the smallest thing anyone can contribute to make Davao the IT Capital of the Philippines is already a huge step for all of us IT students, faculties, enthusiasts and many more to make a dream come true. Also, he taught us about the SEED, which stands for Self-Mastery as S, Environment Mastery as E, Enterprise Mastery as the other E, and Development of the business plan as D. I think that the SEED’s aim is to teach the students of their potential when it comes to Technopreneurship. SEED is a course model for the subject called Techonpreneurship. Self-mastery’s explanation is in which you must know thyself and what you should master must be the passion in knowing yourself. Self-mastery is the passion from knowing yourself. It also brings passion. When you know yourself, you know what you want and what you do not want. It means that you must know what you want. Example is that I like to create games and I don’t want to work on codes in android apps, so what I must do is that I must enhance my skills on creating games more than coding in android apps. Self-mastery is important in Techopreneurship because what I think is that if you do business on something that you do not want, there is a possibility that the business you are doing will not do any good to you and you also won’t be happy in your business and probably you will never ever make an effort to make that business a successful one if you don’t like it. Also, a self-mastered person is a person that does not need to have a high IQ, does need EQ or Emotional Quotient and AQ which means Adversity Quotient, is naturally a performer, competitive and efficient, an epicure, being sensual and cheery, and a boss, the one who takes charge and loves a good fight, is a whole-brained person, has personal vision for the business and knows the strengths and weaknesses of it. The second is Enterprise Mastery which is about generating ideas and seeking opportunities out from his or her environment through serendipity walks, crises, trends, and many more. An Environment mastered person understands the industry he or she is in, sees the opportunities and not the problems, is on the top situation instead of being under the situation, and is the organization or the industry innovator and strategist. Since we are in a modern industry, a technopreneur must generate ideas based on the modern trends usually or what is needed in a specific area. A technopreneur must know how to create initiatives, ideas, income from nothing to something that is worthwhile. For me, a technopreneur must take advantage of a trend, because this will help him or her create ideas that are unique and creative with the use of trends since nowadays, people always follow what is the trend in a specific time or place. He or she must also prepare very many ideas in any case the first idea of his or hers is not that of an income generator. Example for this is that the rising trend of Pokemon Go, in this case many of the businessman in malls did a trend in which putting a lure party, a special item in the said app, in malls to increase the customers in the mall. Since it is in a mall, customers will also take advantage of the shops in there and because of this the malls will greatly earn more money than they should because of the trend and taking advantage of it. A technopreneur must also take advantage of what are the trends nowadays. The next is a technopreneur must be an enterprise mastered person. This means that he or she must know how to run a business. This pertains to the knowledge of the different enterprise disciplines such as creating the business, marketing management, operations management, and financial management and risk management. He or she also understands and integrates the process of management (planning, organizing, directing, and controlling) and leads and inspires rather than manage. This means that a technopreneur must know at least how to run a business, he must be good at deciding things in which there are risks, also he or she must be good at leading different things especially when it comes to financial and marketing, he or she must be good at speaking, convincing, suggesting and taking risks when it is needed. He or she leads and inspires rather than manage. He or she leads the team when needed, and he or she must also be good at taking risks when the business needs to. And lastly of the SEED, it is the Development of Business Plan. It is the development of business plan covers by writing the business plan, presenting and defending the business plan, and adding refinements to the presented business plan. A technopreneur must also be good in making a reasonable business plan since this is one of the cores of creating a business. He or she must have the reasonable reasons in defending the business plan he or she developed and created. But in developing business plans, he or she must also have the right reasons and back-up reasons on why he or she included it in the business plans since for me this the most risky part in technopreneurship, but if you fail in this one, try and try again until furthermore you have succeed. SEED is one of the most important part in the technopreneurship subject because this teaches the students the basic and the life situations you are most likely to bump on while doing the business.